The Great Mosque of Mecca (Masjid
al-Ḥarām) is the largest mosque in the world and
surrounds Islam's holiest place, the Kaaba, in the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Muslims face in the Qibla (direction of the Kaaba) while
performing Salat (obligatory daily prayers). One of the Five
Pillars of Islam requires every Muslim to perform
the Hajj pilgrimage, one of the largest annual gatherings of people
in the world, at least once in his or her lifetime if able to do so, including Tawaf (circumambulation)
of the Kaaba.
The current structure covers an area of 356,800 square
metres (88.2 acres) including the outdoor and indoor praying spaces and is open
at all times.
OTTOMANS
In
1570, Sultan Selim II commissioned the chief architect Mimar Sinan to renovate
the mosque. This renovation resulted in the replacement of the flat roof with
domes decorated with calligraphy internally, and the placement of new support
columns which are acknowledged as the earliest architectural features of the
present mosque. These features are the oldest surviving parts of the
building.
During heavy rains and flash
floods in 1621 and 1629, the walls of the Kaaba and the mosque suffered
extensive damage. In 1629, during the resign of Sultan Murad IV, the Kaaba was
rebuilt with stones from Mecca and the mosque was renovated. In the renovation
of the mosque, a new stone arcade was added, three more minarets (bringing the
total to 7) were built, and the marble flooring.
SAUDIS
The first major renovation
under the Saudi kings was done between 1955 and 1973. In this renovation, four
more minarets were added, the ceiling was refurnished, and the floor was
replaced with artificial stone and marble. During this renovation many of the
historical features built by the Ottomans, particularly the support columns,
were demolished.
The second Saudi renovations
under King Fahd, added a new wing and an outdoor prayer area to the mosque. The
new wing, which is also for prayers, is accessed through the King Fahd Gate.
This extension was performed between 1982 and 1988.
The third Saudi extension
(1988–2005) was
the building of more minarets, the erecting of a King's residence overlooking
the mosque and more prayer area in and around the mosque itself. These
developments have taken place simultaneously with those in Arafat, Mina and
Muzdalifah. This third extension has also resulted in 18 more gates, three
domes corresponding in position to each gate and the installation of nearly 500
marble columns. Other modern developments include the addition of heated
floors, air conditioning, escalators and a drainage system.
Current Expansion Project
In 2007, the mosque underwent a
fourth extension project which is estimated to last until 2020. King Abdullah
Ibn Abdul aziz planned to increase the mosque's capacity to 2 million, although the King died in
2015, his successor, King Salman, is likely to continue renovations.
Northern expansion of the
mosque began in August 2011 and was expected to be completed in one and a half
years. The area of the mosque will be expanded from the current 356,000 m2
(3,830,000 sq ft) to 400,000 m2 (4,300,000 sq ft). The cost of the project is
$10.6 billion.
Terjemahan
Masjid Agung Mekah (Masjid al-Haram) merupakan masjid terbesar
di dunia dan mengelilingi tempat suci Islam, yaitu Ka'bah, di kota Mekkah, Arab Saudi.
Muslim menghadap kiblat
(arah Ka'bah) saat melakukan Salat (shalat wajib). Salah satu Rukun Islam
mewajibkan setiap muslim untuk melakukan ibadah haji, salah satu pertemuan
tahunan terbesar orang di dunia, setidaknya sekali dalam seumur hidup nya jika
mampu melakukannya, termasuk Tawaf Ka'bah.
Struktur masjid saat ini mencakup area seluas
356.800 meter persegi (88,2 acres) termasuk ruang berdoa outdoor (luar ruangan) dan indoor (dalam ruangan) dan terbuka
setiap saat.
Ottoman
Pada tahun 1570, Sultan Selim II menugaskan kepala arsitek Mimar Sinan
untuk merenovasi masjid. Renovasi ini menghasilkan penggantian atap datar
dengan kubah dihiasi dengan kaligrafi internal, dan penempatan kolom dukungan
baru yang diakui sebagai fitur arsitektur awal masjid ini. Fitur-fitur ini
adalah bagian tertua dari bangunan.
Selama hujan lebat dan banjir bandang pada tahun 1621 dan 1629, dinding
Ka'bah dan masjid mengalami kerusakan yang cukup luas. Pada tahun 1629, pada
masa pemerintahan Sultan Murad IV, Ka'bah dibangun kembali dengan batu dari
Mekah dan masjid ini direnovasi. Dalam renovasi masjid, gang beratap batu baru
ditambahkan, tiga menara lebih (sehingga total menjadi 7) dibangun, dan lantai
dari marmer.
Saudi
Renovasi yang besar pertama di bawah raja-raja Saudi itu dilakukan
antara tahun 1955 dan 1973. Dalam renovasi ini, empat menara yang ditambahkan,
langit-langit diperbarui, dan lantai diganti dengan batu buatan dan marmer.
Selama renovasi ini banyak fitur bersejarah yang dibangun oleh Dinasti Utsmani,
terutama kolom dukungan, dihancurkan.
Saudi merenovasi yang kedua kalinya di bawah Raja Fahd, menambahkan
sayap baru dan daerah doa dari luar ke masjid. Sayap baru, yang juga untuk
shalat, dapat diakses melalui gerbang Raja Fahd. Perluasan ini dilakukan antara
tahun 1982 dan 1988.
Perluasan Saudi yang ketiga (1988-2005) itu bangunan lebih banyak
menara, yang mendirikan tempat tinggal Raja menghadap masjid dan daerah doa
lebih kedalam di sekitar masjid itu sendiri. Perkembangan ini terjadi bersamaan
dengan orang-orang di Arafah, Mina dan Muzdalifah. Perluasan ketiga ini juga
memunculkan 18 gerbang lebih, tiga kubah yang sesuai dalam posisi untuk setiap
gerbang dan instalasi hampir 500 kolom marmer. Perkembangan modern lainnya
termasuk penambahan lantai- lantai yang dipanaskan, AC, eskalator dan sistem
drainase.
Proyek Peruasan Saat
Ini
Pada tahun 2007, masjid ini mengalami sebuah proyek perluasan keempat
yang diperkirakan berlangsung hingga 2020. Raja Abdullah Ibn Abdul aziz
berencana meningkatkan kapasitas masjid menjadi 2 juta, meskipun Raja meninggal
pada tahun 2015, penggantinya, Raja Salman, kemungkinan renovasi akan
berlanjut.
Perluasan di utara dimulai pada Agustus 2011 dan diharapkan akan selesai
dalam waktu satu setengah tahun. Luas akan diperluas dari saat ini 356.000 m2
(3.830.000 sq ft) menjadi 400.000 m2 (4.300.000 sq ft). Biaya proyek ini adalah
$10.6 miliyar.
Nominal Sentences
One of the Five Pillars of
Islam requires every Muslim to perform the Hajj pilgrimage, one
of the largest annual gatherings of people in the world, at least once in his
or her lifetime if able to do so, including Tawaf (circumambulation)
of the Kaaba.
Verbal Sentences
u PASSIVE : the Kaaba was rebuilt with
stones from Mecca.
u ACTIVE :
Mecca rebuilt the kaaba with stones.
5H + 1 H
-
Who will be commissioned by sultan selim ii for the
renovation of the mosque in 1570?
Answer : the chief architect Mimar Sinan
-
What is gained in the first renovation
undertaken by the kings of Arabia?
Answer : In this renovation, four
more minarets were added, the ceiling was refurnished, and the
floor was replaced with artificial stone and marble.
-
where is location of haram
Mosque?
Answer : Haram Mosque is located in the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
4. When is the second renovation under King fahd?
Answer
: This extension was performed between 1982 and 1988
-
Why was in 1629 occurred a serious renovation
under the rule of Sultan Murad IV?
Answer : Because During heavy rains
and flash floods in 1621 and 1629, the walls of the Kaaba and the
mosque suffered extensive damage.
-
How was the plan of saudi fourth expansion after
king Abdullah Ibn Abdul Aziz died?
Answer : the possibility of the renovation
will continue, and next by his successor, king salman.
